# @author Bob Ippolito
#
# Copyright (c) 2005-2006, Bob Ippolito
# Copyright (c) 2007, Linden Research, Inc.
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

import sys
import socket
import string
import linecache
import inspect
import threading

from eventlib.support import greenlets as greenlet

__all__ = [
    'call_after', 'exc_after', 'getcurrent', 'get_default_hub', 'get_hub',
    'GreenletExit', 'kill', 'sleep', 'spawn', 'spew', 'switch',
    'ssl_listener', 'tcp_listener', 'tcp_server', 'trampoline',
    'unspew', 'use_hub', 'with_timeout', 'timeout']


def switch(coro, result=None, exc=None):
    if exc is not None:
        return coro.throw(exc)
    return coro.switch(result)

Greenlet = greenlet.greenlet

class TimeoutError(Exception):
    """Exception raised if an asynchronous operation times out"""
    pass

_threadlocal = threading.local()

def tcp_listener(address, backlog=50):
    """
    Listen on the given (ip, port) *address* with a TCP socket.
    Returns a socket object on which one should call ``accept()`` to
    accept a connection on the newly bound socket.

    Generally, the returned socket will be passed to ``tcp_server()``,
    which accepts connections forever and spawns greenlets for
    each incoming connection.
    """
    from eventlib import greenio, util
    socket = greenio.GreenSocket(util.tcp_socket())
    util.socket_bind_and_listen(socket, address, backlog=backlog)
    return socket

def ssl_listener(address, certificate, private_key):
    """Listen on the given (ip, port) *address* with a TCP socket that
    can do SSL.

    *certificate* and *private_key* should be the filenames of the appropriate
    certificate and private key files to use with the SSL socket.

    Returns a socket object on which one should call ``accept()`` to
    accept a connection on the newly bound socket.

    Generally, the returned socket will be passed to ``tcp_server()``,
    which accepts connections forever and spawns greenlets for
    each incoming connection.
    """
    from eventlib import greenio, util
    from eventlib.green import ssl
    socket = greenio.GreenSocket(util.tcp_socket())
    socket = ssl.wrap_socket(socket, keyfile=private_key, certfile=certificate, server_side=True)
    util.socket_bind_and_listen(socket, address)
    socket.is_secure = True
    return socket

def connect_tcp(address, localaddr=None):
    """
    Create a TCP connection to address (host, port) and return the socket.
    Optionally, bind to localaddr (host, port) first.
    """
    from eventlib import greenio, util
    desc = greenio.GreenSocket(util.tcp_socket())
    if localaddr is not None:
        desc.bind(localaddr)
    desc.connect(address)
    return desc

def tcp_server(listensocket, server, *args, **kw):
    """
    Given a socket, accept connections forever, spawning greenlets
    and executing *server* for each new incoming connection.
    When *listensocket* is closed, the ``tcp_server()`` greenlet will end.

    listensocket
        The socket from which to accept connections.
    server
        The callable to call when a new connection is made.
    \*args
        The positional arguments to pass to *server*.
    \*\*kw
        The keyword arguments to pass to *server*.
    """
    print "tcpserver spawning %s on %s" % (server, listensocket.getsockname())
    try:
        try:
            while True:
                spawn(server, listensocket.accept(), *args, **kw)
        except socket.error, e:
            # Broken pipe means it was shutdown
            if e[0] != 32:
                raise
    finally:
        listensocket.close()

def trampoline(fd, read=None, write=None, timeout=None, timeout_exc=TimeoutError):
    """Suspend the current coroutine until the given socket object or file
    descriptor is ready to *read*, ready to *write*, or the specified
    *timeout* elapses, depending on arguments specified.

    To wait for *fd* to be ready to read, pass *read* ``=True``; ready to
    write, pass *write* ``=True``. To specify a timeout, pass the *timeout*
    argument in seconds.

    If the specified *timeout* elapses before the socket is ready to read or
    write, *timeout_exc* will be raised instead of ``trampoline()``
    returning normally.
    """
    t = None
    hub = get_hub()
    current = greenlet.getcurrent()
    assert hub.greenlet is not current, 'do not call blocking functions from the mainloop'
    fileno = getattr(fd, 'fileno', lambda: fd)()
    def _do_close(_d, error=None):
        if error is None:
            current.throw(socket.error(32, 'Broken pipe'))
        else:
            current.throw(getattr(error, 'value', error)) # XXX convert to socket.error
    def cb(d):
        current.switch()
        # with TwistedHub, descriptor is actually an object (socket_rwdescriptor) which stores
        # this callback. If this callback stores a reference to the socket instance (fd)
        # then descriptor has a reference to that instance. This makes socket not collected
        # after greenlet exit. Since nobody actually uses the results of this switch, I removed
        # fd from here. If it will be needed than an indirect reference which is discarded right
        # after the switch above should be used.
    if timeout is not None:
        t = hub.schedule_call(timeout, current.throw, timeout_exc)
    try:
        descriptor = hub.add_descriptor(fileno, read and cb, write and cb, _do_close)
        try:
            return hub.switch()
        finally:
            hub.remove_descriptor(descriptor)
    finally:
        if t is not None:
            t.cancel()


def get_fileno(obj):
    try:
        f = obj.fileno
    except AttributeError:
        assert isinstance(obj, (int, long))
        return obj
    else:
        return f()

def select(read_list, write_list, error_list, timeout=None):
    hub = get_hub()
    t = None
    current = greenlet.getcurrent()
    assert hub.greenlet is not current, 'do not call blocking functions from the mainloop'
    ds = {}
    for r in read_list:
        ds[get_fileno(r)] = {'read' : r}
    for w in write_list:
        ds.setdefault(get_fileno(w), {})['write'] = w
    for e in error_list:
        ds.setdefault(get_fileno(e), {})['error'] = e

    descriptors = []

    def on_read(d):
        original = ds[get_fileno(d)]['read']
        current.switch(([original], [], []))

    def on_write(d):
        original = ds[get_fileno(d)]['write']
        current.switch(([], [original], []))

    def on_error(d, _err=None):
        original = ds[get_fileno(d)]['error']
        current.switch(([], [], [original]))

    def on_timeout():
        current.switch(([], [], []))

    if timeout is not None:
        t = hub.schedule_call(timeout, on_timeout)
    try:
        for k, v in ds.iteritems():
            d = hub.add_descriptor(k,
                                   v.get('read') is not None and on_read,
                                   v.get('write') is not None and on_write,
                                   v.get('error') is not None and on_error)
            descriptors.append(d)
        try:
            return hub.switch()
        finally:
            for d in descriptors:
                hub.remove_descriptor(d)
    finally:
        if t is not None:
            t.cancel()


def _spawn_startup(cb, args, kw, cancel=None):
    try:
        greenlet.getcurrent().parent.switch()
        cancel = None
    finally:
        if cancel is not None:
            cancel()
    return cb(*args, **kw)

def _spawn(g):
    g.parent = greenlet.getcurrent()
    g.switch()


def spawn(function, *args, **kwds):
    """Create a new coroutine, or cooperative thread of control, within which
    to execute *function*.

    The *function* will be called with the given *args* and keyword arguments
    *kwds* and will remain in control unless it cooperatively yields by
    calling a socket method or ``sleep()``.

    ``spawn()`` returns control to the caller immediately, and *function* will
    be called in a future main loop iteration.

    An uncaught exception in *function* or any child will terminate the new
    coroutine with a log message.
    """
    # killable
    t = None
    g = Greenlet(_spawn_startup)
    t = get_hub().schedule_call_global(0, _spawn, g)
    g.switch(function, args, kwds, t.cancel)
    return g

def kill(g, *throw_args):
    get_hub().schedule_call(0, g.throw, *throw_args)
    if getcurrent() is not get_hub().greenlet:
        sleep(0)

def call_after_global(seconds, function, *args, **kwds):
    """Schedule *function* to be called after *seconds* have elapsed.
    The function will be scheduled even if the current greenlet has exited.

    *seconds* may be specified as an integer, or a float if fractional seconds
    are desired. The *function* will be called with the given *args* and
    keyword arguments *kwds*, and will be executed within the main loop's
    coroutine.

    Its return value is discarded. Any uncaught exception will be logged.
    """
    # cancellable
    def startup():
        g = Greenlet(_spawn_startup)
        g.switch(function, args, kwds)
        g.switch()
    t = get_hub().schedule_call_global(seconds, startup)
    return t

def call_after_local(seconds, function, *args, **kwds):
    """Schedule *function* to be called after *seconds* have elapsed.
    The function will NOT be called if the current greenlet has exited.

    *seconds* may be specified as an integer, or a float if fractional seconds
    are desired. The *function* will be called with the given *args* and
    keyword arguments *kwds*, and will be executed within the main loop's
    coroutine.

    Its return value is discarded. Any uncaught exception will be logged.
    """
    # cancellable
    def startup():
        g = Greenlet(_spawn_startup)
        g.switch(function, args, kwds)
        g.switch()
    t = get_hub().schedule_call_local(seconds, startup)
    return t

# for compatibility with original eventlib API
call_after = call_after_local

class _SilentException:
    pass

class FakeTimer:

    def cancel(self):
        pass

class timeout:
    """Raise an exception in the block after timeout.

    with timeout(seconds[, exc]):
        ... code block ...

    Assuming code block is yielding (i.e. gives up control to the hub),
    an exception provided in `exc' argument will be raised
    (TimeoutError if `exc' is omitted).

    When exc is None, code block is interrupted silently.
    """

    def __init__(self, seconds, *throw_args):
        self.seconds = seconds
        if seconds is None:
            return
        if not throw_args:
            self.throw_args = (TimeoutError(), )
        elif throw_args == (None, ):
            self.throw_args = (_SilentException(), )
        else:
            self.throw_args = throw_args

    def __enter__(self):
        if self.seconds is None:
            self.timer = FakeTimer()
        else:
            self.timer = exc_after(self.seconds, *self.throw_args)
        return self.timer

    def __exit__(self, typ, value, tb):
        self.timer.cancel()
        if typ is _SilentException and value in self.throw_args:
            return True

def with_timeout(seconds, func, *args, **kwds):
    """Wrap a call to some (yielding) function with a timeout; if the called
    function fails to return before the timeout, cancel it and return a flag
    value.

    seconds
      (int or float) seconds before timeout occurs
    func
      the callable to execute with a timeout; must be one of the functions
      that implicitly or explicitly yields
    \*args, \*\*kwds
      (positional, keyword) arguments to pass to *func*
    timeout_value=
      value to return if timeout occurs (default raise ``TimeoutError``)

    **Returns**:

    Value returned by *func* if *func* returns before *seconds*, else
    *timeout_value* if provided, else raise ``TimeoutError``

    **Raises**:

    Any exception raised by *func*, and ``TimeoutError`` if *func* times out
    and no ``timeout_value`` has been provided.

    **Example**::

      data = with_timeout(30, httpc.get, 'http://www.google.com/', timeout_value="")

    Here *data* is either the result of the ``get()`` call, or the empty string if
    it took too long to return. Any exception raised by the ``get()`` call is
    passed through to the caller.
    """
    # Recognize a specific keyword argument, while also allowing pass-through
    # of any other keyword arguments accepted by func. Use pop() so we don't
    # pass timeout_value through to func().
    has_timeout_value = "timeout_value" in kwds
    timeout_value = kwds.pop("timeout_value", None)
    error = TimeoutError()
    timeout = exc_after(seconds, error)
    try:
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwds)
        except TimeoutError, ex:
            if ex is error and has_timeout_value:
                return timeout_value
            raise
    finally:
        timeout.cancel()


def exc_after(seconds, *throw_args):
    """Schedule an exception to be raised into the current coroutine
    after *seconds* have elapsed.

    This only works if the current coroutine is yielding, and is generally
    used to set timeouts after which a network operation or series of
    operations will be canceled.

    Returns a timer object with a ``cancel()`` method which should be used to
    prevent the exception if the operation completes successfully.

    See also ``with_timeout()`` that encapsulates the idiom below.

    Example::

        def read_with_timeout():
            timer = api.exc_after(30, RuntimeError())
            try:
                httpc.get('http://www.google.com/')
            except RuntimeError:
                print "Timed out!"
            else:
                timer.cancel()
    """
    hub = get_hub()
    return call_after(seconds, getcurrent().throw, *throw_args)


def get_default_hub():
    """Select the default hub implementation based on what multiplexing
    libraries are installed. Tries twistedr if a twisted reactor is imported,
    then poll, then select.
    """

    if 'twisted.internet.reactor' in sys.modules:
        from eventlib.hubs import twistedr
        return twistedr

    import select
    if hasattr(select, 'poll'):
        import eventlib.hubs.poll
        return eventlib.hubs.poll
    else:
        import eventlib.hubs.selects
        return eventlib.hubs.selects


def use_hub(mod=None):
    """Use the module *mod*, containing a class called Hub, as the
    event hub. Usually not required; the default hub is usually fine.
    """
    if mod is None:
        mod = get_default_hub()
    if hasattr(_threadlocal, 'hub'):
        del _threadlocal.hub
    if isinstance(mod, str):
        mod = __import__('eventlib.hubs.' + mod, globals(), locals(), ['Hub'])
    if hasattr(mod, 'Hub'):
        _threadlocal.Hub = mod.Hub
    else:
        _threadlocal.Hub = mod

def get_hub():
    """Get the current event hub singleton object.
    """
    try:
        hub = _threadlocal.hub
    except AttributeError:
        try:
            _threadlocal.Hub
        except AttributeError:
            use_hub()
        hub = _threadlocal.hub = _threadlocal.Hub()
    return hub


def sleep(seconds=0):
    """Yield control to another eligible coroutine until at least *seconds* have
    elapsed.

    *seconds* may be specified as an integer, or a float if fractional seconds
    are desired. Calling sleep with *seconds* of 0 is the canonical way of
    expressing a cooperative yield. For example, if one is looping over a
    large list performing an expensive calculation without calling any socket
    methods, it's a good idea to call ``sleep(0)`` occasionally; otherwise
    nothing else will run.
    """
    hub = get_hub()
    assert hub.greenlet is not greenlet.getcurrent(), 'do not call blocking functions from the mainloop'
    timer = hub.schedule_call(seconds, greenlet.getcurrent().switch)
    try:
        hub.switch()
    finally:
        timer.cancel()


getcurrent = greenlet.getcurrent
GreenletExit = greenlet.GreenletExit


class Spew(object):
    """
    """
    def __init__(self, trace_names=None, show_values=True):
        self.trace_names = trace_names
        self.show_values = show_values

    def __call__(self, frame, event, arg):
        if event == 'line':
            lineno = frame.f_lineno
            if '__file__' in frame.f_globals:
                filename = frame.f_globals['__file__']
                if (filename.endswith('.pyc') or
                    filename.endswith('.pyo')):
                    filename = filename[:-1]
                name = frame.f_globals['__name__']
                line = linecache.getline(filename, lineno)
            else:
                name = '[unknown]'
                try:
                    src = inspect.getsourcelines(frame)
                    line = src[lineno]
                except IOError:
                    line = 'Unknown code named [%s].  VM instruction #%d' % (
                        frame.f_code.co_name, frame.f_lasti)
            if self.trace_names is None or name in self.trace_names:
                print '%s:%s: %s' % (name, lineno, line.rstrip())
                if not self.show_values:
                    return self
                details = '\t'
                tokens = line.translate(
                    string.maketrans(' ,.()', '\0' * 5)).split('\0')
                for tok in tokens:
                    if tok in frame.f_globals:
                        details += '%s=%r ' % (tok, frame.f_globals[tok])
                    if tok in frame.f_locals:
                        details += '%s=%r ' % (tok, frame.f_locals[tok])
                if details.strip():
                    print details
        return self


def spew(trace_names=None, show_values=False):
    """Install a trace hook which writes incredibly detailed logs
    about what code is being executed to stdout.
    """
    sys.settrace(Spew(trace_names, show_values))


def unspew():
    """Remove the trace hook installed by spew.
    """
    sys.settrace(None)


def named(name):
    """Return an object given its name.

    The name uses a module-like syntax, eg::

      os.path.join

    or::

      mulib.mu.Resource
    """
    toimport = name
    obj = None
    import_err_strings = []
    while toimport:
        try:
            obj = __import__(toimport)
            break
        except ImportError, err:
            # print 'Import error on %s: %s' % (toimport, err)  # debugging spam
            import_err_strings.append(err.__str__())
            toimport = '.'.join(toimport.split('.')[:-1])
    if obj is None:
        raise ImportError('%s could not be imported.  Import errors: %r' % (name, import_err_strings))
    for seg in name.split('.')[1:]:
        try:
            obj = getattr(obj, seg)
        except AttributeError:
            dirobj = dir(obj)
            dirobj.sort()
            raise AttributeError('attribute %r missing from %r (%r) %r.  Import errors: %r' % (
                seg, obj, dirobj, name, import_err_strings))
    return obj